P-type ternary Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃ alloys are fabricated via mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Different ball sizes are used in the MA process, and their effect on the microstructure; hardness, and thermoelectric properties of the p-type BiSbTe alloys are investigated. The phases of milled powders and bulks are identified using an X-ray diffraction technique. The morphology of milled powders and fracture surface of compacted samples are examined using scanning electron microscopy. The morphology, phase, and grain structures of the samples are not altered by the use of different ball sizes in the MA process. Measurements of the thermoelectric (TE) transport properties including the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor are measured at temperatures of 300- 400 K for samples treated by SPS. The TE properties do not depend on the ball size used in the MA process.

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• Investigation of Spark Plasma Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of p-type Bi-Sb-Te alloys
  Jin-Koo Han, Dong-won Shin, Babu Madavali, Soon-Jik Hong
  Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2017; 24(2): 115.     CrossRef
• Flexible Thermoelectric Device Using Thick Films for Energy Harvesting from the Human Body
  Han Ki Cho, Da Hye Kim, Hye Sun Sin, Churl-Hee Cho, Seungwoo Han
  Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society.2017; 54(6): 518.     CrossRef
• Investigation of the Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of P-Type BiSbTe Alloys by Usage of Different Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) During Mechanical Milling
  S.-M. Yoon, B. Madavali, Y.-N. Yoon, S.-J. Hong
  Archives of Metallurgy and Materials.2017; 62(2): 1167.     CrossRef
• Mechanical and thermoelectric properties of Bi2−xSbxTe3 prepared by using encapsulated melting and hot pressing
  Woo-Jin Jung, Il-Ho Kim
  Journal of the Korean Physical Society.2016; 69(8): 1328.     CrossRef

The recent rise in applications of thermoelectric materials has attracted interest in studies toward the fabrication of thermoelectric materials using mass production techniques. In this study, we successfully fabricate n-type Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3 material by a combination of mass production powder metallurgy techniques, gas atomization, and spark plasma sintering. In addition, to examine the effects of hydrogen reduction in the microstructure, the thermoelectric and mechanical properties are measured and analyzed. Here, almost 60% of the oxygen content of the powder are eliminated after hydrogen reduction for 4 h at 360°C. Micrographs of the powder show that the reduced powder had a comparatively clean surface and larger grain sizes than unreduced powder. The density of the consolidated bulk using as-atomized powder and reduced atomized powder exceeds 99%. The thermoelectric power factor of the sample prepared by reduction of powder is 20% better than that of the sample prepared using unreduced powder.

Citations

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• Enhancing thermoelectric performance of K-doped polycrystalline SnSe through band engineering tuning and hydrogen reduction
  Nan Xin, Yifei Li, Guihua Tang, Longyun Shen
  Journal of Alloys and Compounds.2022; 899: 163358.     CrossRef
• The effect of powder pre-treatment on the mechanical and thermoelectric properties of spark plasma sintered N-type bismuth telluride
  Ahmed A. Abdelnabi, Vickram Lakhian, Joseph R. McDermid, James S. Cotton
  Journal of Alloys and Compounds.2021; 874: 159782.     CrossRef
• Investigation of Spark Plasma Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of p-type Bi-Sb-Te alloys
  Jin-Koo Han, Dong-won Shin, Babu Madavali, Soon-Jik Hong
  Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2017; 24(2): 115.     CrossRef
• The Preparation and Growth Mechanism of the Recovered Bi2Te3 Particles with Respect to Surfactants
  Hyeongsub So, Eunpil Song, Yong-Ho Choa, Kun-Jae Lee
  Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute.2017; 24(2): 141.     CrossRef
• Enhanced thermoelectric cooling properties of Bi2Te3−xSex alloys fabricated by combining casting, milling and spark plasma sintering
  Seung Tek Han, Pradip Rimal, Chul Hee Lee, Hyo-Seob Kim, Yongho Sohn, Soon-Jik Hong
  Intermetallics.2016; 78: 42.     CrossRef